git:20260907.57a4b90 to git:20260911.16cf003

---

name: design-system-architect

description: "Expert guide for designing, building, and maintaining scalable UI design systems with design tokens, headless primitives, Material Design 3 (M3), Tailwind v4 @theme, and WCAG 2.2 accessibility."

author: "Roedy Rustam"

---

# Design System Architect (2026 Edition — shadcn/ui Registry)

[English](#english) | [Bahasa Indonesia](#bahasa-indonesia)

---

<a name="english"></a>

## English

### Description

Expert guide for building and maintaining scalable UI design systems. Covers design tokens with OKLCH and Tailwind v4 `@theme`, **Material Design 3 (M3)** integration, headless component primitives (Radix UI, **Base UI 1.x**), **shadcn/ui registry** for distributable component libraries, CVA for type-safe variants, and WCAG 2.2 accessibility compliance.

### Trigger Conditions

- Building a shared UI component library from scratch.

- Setting up design tokens (colors, typography, spacing) with Tailwind v4.

- Applying Material Design 3 (M3) principles (https://m3.material.io/).

- Using headless primitives (Radix UI, Base UI 1.x) with custom styling.

- Distributing components via the **shadcn/ui registry** format.

- Auditing a component library for WCAG 2.2 accessibility compliance.

### Design Token Foundation (Tailwind v4 + OKLCH)

```css

/* packages/ui/src/tokens.css */

@import "tailwindcss";

@theme {

/* --- Color System (OKLCH for wide-gamut P3 displays) --- */

/* Brand */

--color-brand-50: oklch(97% 0.015 250);

--color-brand-100: oklch(93% 0.04 250);

--color-brand-500: oklch(55% 0.22 250);

--color-brand-700: oklch(40% 0.18 250);

--color-brand-900: oklch(20% 0.10 250);

/* Semantic (maps to brand in light/dark automatically) */

--color-primary: var(--color-brand-500);

--color-primary-fg: oklch(100% 0 0); /* White */

--color-surface: oklch(100% 0 0); /* White */

--color-surface-2: oklch(97% 0.005 250);

--color-border: oklch(90% 0.01 250);

--color-text: oklch(15% 0.02 250);

--color-text-muted: oklch(50% 0.015 250);

--color-destructive: oklch(55% 0.22 25); /* Red */

/* --- Fluid Typography (clamp) --- */

--font-sans: "Inter Variable", "Inter", ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif;

--font-mono: "JetBrains Mono", "Fira Code", ui-monospace, monospace;

--font-size-xs: clamp(0.7rem, 0.17vi + 0.66rem, 0.75rem);

--font-size-sm: clamp(0.8rem, 0.17vi + 0.76rem, 0.875rem);

--font-size-base: clamp(0.9rem, 0.17vi + 0.86rem, 1rem);

--font-size-lg: clamp(1rem, 0.17vi + 0.96rem, 1.125rem);

--font-size-xl: clamp(1.1rem, 0.34vi + 1.02rem, 1.25rem);

--font-size-2xl: clamp(1.2rem, 0.69vi + 1.03rem, 1.5rem);

--font-size-3xl: clamp(1.5rem, 0.86vi + 1.29rem, 1.875rem);

--font-size-4xl: clamp(1.8rem, 1.03vi + 1.54rem, 2.25rem);

/* --- Spacing & Radius --- */

--radius-sm: 0.25rem;

--radius-md: 0.5rem;

--radius-lg: 0.75rem;

--radius-xl: 1rem;

--radius-full: 9999px;

/* --- Animation --- */

--animate-fade-in: fade-in 0.2s ease-out;

--animate-slide-up: slide-up 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);

--animate-scale-in: scale-in 0.2s ease-out;

}

/* Dark mode tokens */

@variant dark {

:root {

--color-surface: oklch(10% 0.015 250);

--color-surface-2: oklch(15% 0.015 250);

--color-border: oklch(25% 0.02 250);

--color-text: oklch(95% 0.005 250);

--color-text-muted: oklch(60% 0.01 250);

}

}

```

### Material Design 3 (M3) Integration

When requested to follow **Material Design 3 (https://m3.material.io/)**, implement the following M3 token principles in your design system:

1. **Color Roles**: Map Tailwind colors to M3 roles (`Primary`, `Secondary`, `Tertiary`, `Error`, `Surface`, `Outline`). Implement `On-*` colors for text/icons on top of those roles, and `*-Container` / `On-*-Container` for lower emphasis. Support Dynamic Color if applicable.

2. **Typography Scale**: Use M3 naming conventions: `Display`, `Headline`, `Title`, `Body`, `Label` (each with `Large`, `Medium`, `Small` sizes).

3. **Elevation & Surface**: Use M3 Elevation levels (0 to 5) implemented via subtle shadows and surface tint colors, not just heavy drop shadows.

4. **Shapes**: Map `--radius-*` to M3 shape families: `None`, `Extra Small`, `Small`, `Medium`, `Large`, `Extra Large`, `Full`.

### Component Architecture

#### Headless + Styled Pattern (Base UI 1.x / Radix UI)

Use headless primitives for accessibility, apply styles via Tailwind + CVA:

```typescript

// packages/ui/src/button.tsx

import * as React from 'react';

import { cva, type VariantProps } from 'class-variance-authority';

import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';

const buttonVariants = cva(

// Base styles

'inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-2 rounded-md font-medium transition-all focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-brand-500 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50 select-none',

{

variants: {

variant: {

default: 'bg-primary text-primary-fg shadow-sm hover:brightness-110 active:brightness-90',

secondary: 'bg-surface-2 text-text border border-border hover:bg-surface hover:border-brand-300',

destructive: 'bg-destructive text-white hover:brightness-110',

ghost: 'hover:bg-surface-2 text-text',

link: 'text-primary underline-offset-4 hover:underline p-0 h-auto',

},

size: {

sm: 'h-8 px-3 text-xs',

md: 'h-9 px-4 text-sm',

lg: 'h-11 px-6 text-base',

icon: 'h-9 w-9',

},

},

defaultVariants: { variant: 'default', size: 'md' },

}

);

export interface ButtonProps

extends React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>,

VariantProps<typeof buttonVariants> {

asChild?: boolean;

}

const Button = React.forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonProps>(

({ className, variant, size, ...props }, ref) => (

<button

ref={ref}

className={cn(buttonVariants({ variant, size }), className)}

{...props}

/>

)

);

Button.displayName = 'Button';

export { Button, buttonVariants };

```

### Component Layout (Container Queries over Media Queries)

Avoid `@media` queries for internal component styling. Use **CSS Container Queries (`@container`)** so components respond to their wrapper, not the viewport. This makes components truly reusable anywhere.

```tsx

// Example of a container-aware component using Tailwind v4

<div className="@container">

<div className="flex flex-col @md:flex-row gap-4">

<div className="p-4 bg-surface rounded-xl">Fluid Card</div>

</div>

</div>

```

### shadcn/ui Registry — Distributable Components (2026)

shadcn/ui v2 introduces a **registry** system — distribute your components as a shareable library that others can `npx shadcn add` into their projects:

```json

// registry.json — defines your component library

{

"$schema": "https://ui.shadcn.com/schema/registry.json",

"name": "my-ui",

"homepage": "https://ui.myapp.com",

"items": [

{

"name": "button",

"type": "registry:ui",

"title": "Button",

"description": "Multi-variant button component with CVA",

"files": [

{ "path": "registry/ui/button.tsx", "type": "registry:ui" }

],

"tailwind": {

"config": {

"theme": {

"extend": {

"colors": { "primary": "hsl(var(--primary))" }

}

}

}

}

}

]

}

```

```bash

# Users install your components directly

npx shadcn add https://ui.myapp.com/registry.json button

npx shadcn add https://ui.myapp.com/registry.json card dialog

```

### Base UI 1.x — Unstyled Accessibility Primitives

Base UI (from MUI team) is the 2026 alternative to Radix UI with React 19 native support:

```typescript

import { Dialog, Button, Select } from '@base-ui-components/react';

// Fully unstyled — apply any className/Tailwind styles

<Dialog.Root>

<Dialog.Trigger render={<Button />}>Open Dialog</Dialog.Trigger>

<Dialog.Portal>

<Dialog.Backdrop className="fixed inset-0 bg-black/50 animate-fade-in" />

<Dialog.Popup className="fixed inset-0 m-auto h-fit max-w-md rounded-xl bg-surface p-6 shadow-xl animate-slide-up">

<Dialog.Title className="text-lg font-semibold">Title</Dialog.Title>

<Dialog.Close className="absolute right-4 top-4">✕</Dialog.Close>

</Dialog.Popup>

</Dialog.Portal>

</Dialog.Root>

```

### WCAG 2.2 Accessibility Checklist

- [ ] All interactive elements have visible focus indicators (`ring-2`).

- [ ] Color contrast ≥ 4.5:1 (text), ≥ 3:1 (large text / UI components).

- [ ] All images have `alt` text; decorative images have `alt=""`.

- [ ] All form inputs have associated `<label>` elements.

- [ ] Keyboard navigation works for all interactions (Tab, Enter, Space, Escape, Arrow keys).

- [ ] `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` on icon buttons.

- [ ] Modals trap focus and restore it on close.

- [ ] No content relies on color alone to convey information.

- [ ] Touch targets ≥ 24×24px (WCAG 2.2 new requirement).

---

<a name="bahasa-indonesia"></a>

## Bahasa Indonesia

### Integrasi Orkestrasi

Terhubung dan mengorkestrasi skill domain yang relevan seperti `brainstorming`, `zero-to-prod-orchestrator`, dan `project-context-mapper` untuk memastikan eksekusi yang kohesif.

### Deskripsi

Panduan ahli untuk membangun dan memelihara design system UI yang skalabel. Mencakup design token dengan OKLCH dan `@theme` Tailwind v4, primitif komponen headless (Radix UI, **Base UI 1.x**), **registry shadcn/ui** untuk distribusi library komponen, CVA untuk varian type-safe, dan kepatuhan aksesibilitas WCAG 2.2.

### Kondisi Pemicu

- Membangun library komponen UI bersama dari awal.

- Menyiapkan design token (warna, tipografi, spacing) dengan Tailwind v4.

- Menerapkan prinsip Material Design 3 (M3) (https://m3.material.io/).

- Menggunakan primitif headless (Radix UI, Base UI 1.x) dengan styling kustom.

- Mendistribusikan komponen via format **registry shadcn/ui**.

- Mengaudit library komponen untuk kepatuhan aksesibilitas WCAG 2.2.

### Fondasi Design Token (Tailwind v4 + OKLCH)

Definisikan semua token di CSS menggunakan direktif `@theme`. Gunakan warna OKLCH untuk tampilan P3 wide-gamut. Definisikan token semantik (`--color-primary`, `--color-surface`, `--color-border`) yang secara otomatis beradaptasi antara mode terang/gelap melalui `@variant dark`.

### Integrasi Material Design 3 (M3)

Jika diminta mengikuti **Material Design 3 (https://m3.material.io/)**, terapkan prinsip token M3 berikut:

1. **Peran Warna (Color Roles)**: Petakan warna ke peran M3 (`Primary`, `Secondary`, `Tertiary`, `Error`, `Surface`, `Outline`). Gunakan warna `On-*` untuk teks di atasnya, dan `*-Container` / `On-*-Container` untuk penekanan lebih rendah.

2. **Skala Tipografi**: Gunakan penamaan M3: `Display`, `Headline`, `Title`, `Body`, `Label` (dengan ukuran `Large`, `Medium`, `Small`).

3. **Elevasi & Permukaan**: Gunakan tingkat Elevasi M3 (0 hingga 5) melalui bayangan halus dan warna tint permukaan (surface tint).

4. **Bentuk (Shapes)**: Petakan `--radius-*` ke keluarga bentuk M3: `None`, `Extra Small`, `Small`, `Medium`, `Large`, `Extra Large`, `Full`.

### Arsitektur Komponen

Gunakan pola Headless + Styled: primitif headless (Base UI/Radix) untuk aksesibilitas, gaya melalui Tailwind + CVA (class-variance-authority) untuk varian type-safe.

**Container Queries (`@container`)**: DILARANG keras menggunakan `@media` query (misal `md:`, `lg:`) untuk layout di dalam sebuah komponen. Gunakan **Container Queries (`@md:`, `@lg:`)** agar komponen dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan lebar pembungkusnya, bukan lebar layar secara keseluruhan. Ini membuat komponen Anda 100% *reusable*.

### Registry shadcn/ui — Komponen yang Dapat Didistribusikan (2026)

shadcn/ui v2 memperkenalkan sistem registry — distribusikan komponen Anda sebagai library yang dapat dibagikan sehingga orang lain dapat menginstalnya dengan `npx shadcn add [url] [komponen]`.

### Base UI 1.x — Primitif Aksesibilitas Tanpa Gaya

Base UI (dari tim MUI) adalah alternatif Radix UI untuk 2026 dengan dukungan native React 19. Sepenuhnya tanpa gaya — terapkan className/Tailwind apapun.

### Checklist Aksesibilitas WCAG 2.2

- Semua elemen interaktif memiliki indikator fokus yang terlihat.

- Kontras warna ≥ 4.5:1 (teks), ≥ 3:1 (komponen UI).

- Semua input form memiliki elemen `<label>` terkait.

- Navigasi keyboard berfungsi untuk semua interaksi.

- Modal menjebak fokus dan memulihkannya saat ditutup.

- Target sentuh ≥ 24×24px (persyaratan baru WCAG 2.2).

## Orchestration & Integration

- Integrates with frontend orchestrators, Tailwind v4, Base UI, and shadcn/ui.