git-commit · git:20260704.6b3b72b · 2026-07-04 · sha256 c6a787fcdea73df8
git-commit git:20260704.6b3b72bA
Immutable. This exact content never changes and is served at /api/v1/blob/c6a787fcdea73df8.
--- name: conventional-commits description: Use when writing Git commit messages, reviewing commits, or setting up commit message linting. Keywords: commit message, git commit, commitlint, semantic versioning, commit format. --- # Conventional Commits 规范 Git 提交消息格式,便于自动化工具生成版本号、变更日志。 ## 核心格式 ``` <type>[optional scope]: <description> [optional body] [optional footer(s)] ``` ## Type 类型(必须) | Type | 含义 | SemVer 影响 | |------|------|-------------| | `feat` | 新功能 | MINOR | | `fix` | Bug 修复 | PATCH | | `docs` | 文档变更 | 无 | | `style` | 格式调整(不影响逻辑) | 无 | | `refactor` | 重构(非新功能、非修复) | 无 | | `perf` | 性能优化 | PATCH | | `test` | 测试相关 | 无 | | `build` | 构建流程、依赖变更 | 无 | | `ci` | CI/CD 配置变更 | 无 | | `chore` | 其他杂项 | 无 | **其他类型允许**,但不影响语义版本(除非含 BREAKING CHANGE)。 ## Scope 范围(可选) 放在括号内,表示影响的模块: ``` feat(parser): add array parsing support fix(auth): resolve token expiration issue ``` ## Description 描述(必须) - 简短说明(建议 ≤ 50 字符) - 使用动词、现在时态 - 结尾不加句号 ## Body 正文(可选) - 空一行后开始 - 说明"做了什么"和"为什么" - 可多行 ## Footer 脚注(可选) - 空一行后开始 - 格式:`<token>: <value>` 或 `<token> #<value>` ### 破坏性变更 两种方式表示: **方式 1:`!` 在 type 后** ``` feat!: remove deprecated API endpoints feat(api)!: change authentication flow ``` **方式 2:BREAKING CHANGE 脚注** ``` feat: add new config format BREAKING CHANGE: config file format changed from YAML to JSON ``` → 对应 SemVer **MAJOR** 版本。 ### 关联 Issue ``` fix: resolve login timeout Closes #123 Refs #456 ``` ## 完整示例 **简单提交:** ``` docs: fix typo in README ``` **带范围:** ``` feat(lang): add Polish language support ``` **带正文和脚注:** ``` fix: prevent request race condition Introduce request ID to track concurrent requests. Reject duplicate requests with same ID. Reviewed-by: John Doe Refs: #123 ``` **破坏性变更:** ``` feat!: change API response format BREAKING CHANGE: response field `data` renamed to `payload` ``` ## 常见错误 | 错误 | 正确 | |------|------| | `feat: Added feature` | `feat: add feature` | | `fix: fix bug.` | `fix: resolve null pointer exception` | | `FEAT: new feature` | `feat: new feature`(type 小写) | | `feat add feature` | `feat: add feature`(冒号后有空格) | | `feat(scope)add feature` | `feat(scope): add feature`(冒号后有空格) | ## 工具推荐 - **commitlint** - 校验 commit 格式 - **commitizen** - 交互式 commit 辅助 - **semantic-release** - 自动版本发布 ## 参考链接 - [Conventional Commits Specification v1.0.0](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/) - [Angular Commit Guidelines](https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#commit) ## macOS 复制到剪贴板 在 macOS 系统下生成 commit message 后,使用 `pbcopy` 将其复制到系统剪贴板,便于直接粘贴到 git GUI 或终端。 **检测系统:** ```bash [[ "$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]] && echo "macOS" ``` **单行消息:** ```bash echo -n "feat(parser): add array parsing support" | pbcopy ``` **多行消息(含 body / footer):** ```bash pbcopy <<'EOF' fix: prevent request race condition Introduce request ID to track concurrent requests. Reject duplicate requests with same ID. Refs: #123 EOF ``` **Agent 工作流建议:** 生成 commit message 后,若检测到 `uname` 输出为 `Darwin`,自动通过 `pbcopy` 复制结果,并在回复中提示「已复制到剪贴板」。非 macOS 系统跳过此步骤。