git:20260301.12aee48 to git:20260610.fe44149

1 added, 2 removed. Audit A to A.

# Python Big-O: Time & Space Complexity

> Comprehensive documentation of time and space complexity for Python built-in operations and standard library modules.

- This site documents the Big-O time and space complexity of Python operations across built-in types, built-in functions, and standard library modules. It covers CPython 3.9–3.14, with notes on PyPy, Jython, and IronPython.

+ This site documents the Big-O time and space complexity of Python operations across built-in types, built-in functions, and standard library modules. It covers CPython 3.10–3.14, with notes on PyPy, Jython, and IronPython.

## Built-in Types

- [Lists](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/list/): Time and space complexity for list operations (append, insert, pop, sort, slicing, etc.)

- [Dictionaries](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/dict/): Complexity for dict operations (lookup, insert, delete, iteration)

- [Sets](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/set/): Complexity for set operations (membership, union, intersection, difference)

- [Tuples](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/tuple/): Complexity for tuple operations (indexing, slicing, membership)

- [Strings](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/str/): Complexity for string operations (find, replace, split, join, slicing)

- [Bytes & Bytearray](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/bytes/): Complexity for bytes and bytearray operations

- [Frozenset](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/frozenset/): Complexity for frozenset operations

- [Range](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/range/): Complexity for range operations (O(1) membership testing)

- [Integer](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/int/): Complexity for arbitrary-precision integer arithmetic

- [Float](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/float/): Complexity for floating-point operations

- [Boolean](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/bool/): Complexity for boolean operations

## Built-in Functions

- [len()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/len/): O(1) for built-in types

- [sorted()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/sorted/): O(n log n) Timsort

- [max()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/max/): O(n) linear scan

- [min()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/min/): O(n) linear scan

- [sum()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/sum/): O(n) accumulation

- [map()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/map/): Lazy O(1) per element

- [filter()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/filter/): Lazy O(1) per element

- [zip()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/zip/): Lazy O(1) per element

- [enumerate()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/enumerate/): Lazy O(1) per element

- [reversed()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/reversed/): O(1) iterator creation

- [all()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/all/): O(n) short-circuit

- [any()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/any/): O(n) short-circuit

- [hash()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/hash/): Varies by type

- [isinstance()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/isinstance/): O(n) MRO lookup

## Standard Library (Key Modules)

- [collections](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/collections/): Container datatypes (deque, Counter, OrderedDict, defaultdict, namedtuple, ChainMap)

- [collections.deque](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/deque/): O(1) append/pop from both ends

- [collections.Counter](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/counter/): Counting and multiset operations

- [collections.defaultdict](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/defaultdict/): Dict with default factory

- [collections.OrderedDict](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/ordereddict/): Insertion-ordered dict with O(1) move_to_end

- [collections.namedtuple](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/namedtuple/): Lightweight named tuples

- [heapq](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/heapq/): O(log n) push/pop, O(n) heapify

- [bisect](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/bisect/): O(log n) binary search, O(n) insertion

- [itertools](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/itertools/): Lazy iterator combinatorics

- [functools](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/functools/): Higher-order functions (lru_cache, reduce, partial)

- [re](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/re/): Regular expression complexity

- [json](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/json/): JSON encoding/decoding complexity

- [datetime](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/datetime/): Date/time operations

- [math](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/math/): Mathematical functions

- [hashlib](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/hashlib/): Cryptographic hash functions

- [pathlib](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/pathlib/): Filesystem path operations

- [sqlite3](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/sqlite3/): SQLite database operations

- [difflib](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/difflib/): Sequence comparison (SequenceMatcher, unified_diff)

- [copy](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/copy/): Shallow and deep copy complexity

- [array](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/array/): Typed array operations

- [queue](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/queue/): Thread-safe queue implementations

- [decimal](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/decimal/): Arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic

- [graphlib](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/graphlib/): Topological sorting

- [operator](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/operator/): Function versions of operators

- [random](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/random/): Random number generation

- [statistics](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/statistics/): Statistical functions

- [string](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/string/): String constants and templates

- [struct](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/struct/): Binary data packing/unpacking

- [typing](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/typing/): Type hint support

## Python Implementations

- [CPython](https://pythoncomplexity.com/implementations/cpython/): Reference implementation details

- [PyPy](https://pythoncomplexity.com/implementations/pypy/): JIT-compiled implementation differences

- [Jython](https://pythoncomplexity.com/implementations/jython/): JVM-based implementation differences

- [IronPython](https://pythoncomplexity.com/implementations/ironpython/): .NET-based implementation differences

## Python Versions

- [Python 3.14](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py314/): Complexity changes in 3.14

- [Python 3.13](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py313/): Complexity changes in 3.13

- [Python 3.12](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py312/): Complexity changes in 3.12

- [Python 3.11](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py311/): Complexity changes in 3.11

- [Python 3.10](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py310/): Complexity changes in 3.10

- - [Python 3.9](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py39/): Complexity changes in 3.9