zhihu-fetcher · diff
git:20260315.44b96e2 to git:20260315.25ee04b
147 added, 22 removed. Audit A to A.
---
name: zhihu-fetcher
description: |
知乎数据获取 - 极简设计，支持三级认证降级（Browser Profile → File Cookie → Fallback），确保数据可靠获取
Zhihu Data Fetcher - Minimalist design with three-level auth fallback (Browser Profile → File Cookie → Fallback), ensuring reliable data retrieval
metadata:
openclaw:
emoji: "📰"
category: "data-source"
tags: ["zhihu", "fetch", "hot-list", "search", "fallback", "rate-limit", "cookie"]
---
- # 知乎数据获取 / Zhihu Data Fetcher
+ # 知乎数据获取 | Zhihu Data Fetcher
极简设计的知乎数据抓取工具，支持**三级认证降级**，确保在各种环境下都能获取数据。
-
A minimalist Zhihu data fetching tool with **three-level authentication fallback**, ensuring reliable data retrieval in any environment.
---
- ## 三级认证机制 / Three-Level Auth Mechanism
+ ## 三级认证机制 | Three-Level Auth Mechanism
```
优先级1: Browser Profile / 浏览器配置
使用 OpenClaw browser 已登录的状态 / Use OpenClaw browser logged-in state
↓ 失败/无登录态 / Fail or no login state
优先级2: File Cookie / 文件 Cookie
使用配置文件中固化的 Cookie / Use cookie固化 in config file
↓ 失败/无配置 / Fail or no config
优先级3: Fallback Source / 备用源
使用无需认证的备用数据源 / Use unauthenticated fallback data source
```
---
- ## 快速开始 / Quick Start
+ ## 快速开始 | Quick Start
- ### 方式1: Browser Profile（推荐）/ Method 1: Browser Profile (Recommended)
+ ### 方式1: Browser Profile（推荐）| Method 1: Browser Profile (Recommended)
```bash
# 1. 登录知乎 / Login to Zhihu
browser open https://www.zhihu.com
# 完成登录 / Complete login
- # 2. 获取数据 / Fetch data
- node snippets/fetch-hot.js
+ # 2. 获取数据并保存到数据库 / Fetch data and save to database
+ cd scripts
+ python3 save_to_db.py 50
```
- ### 方式2: 固化 Cookie / Method 2: File Cookie
+ ### 方式2: 固化 Cookie | Method 2: File Cookie
```bash
# 1. 编辑配置文件，填入 Cookie / Edit config file and fill in cookies
vim config/fallback-sources.json
# 2. 直接运行（无需 browser）/ Run directly (no browser needed)
- node snippets/fetch-hot.js
+ python3 scripts/save_to_db.py 50
```
- ### 方式3: 仅使用备用源 / Method 3: Fallback Source Only
+ ### 方式3: 仅使用备用源 | Method 3: Fallback Source Only
```bash
# 无需任何认证 / No authentication required
- node snippets/test-simple.js
+ python3 scripts/save_to_db.py
+ # 会自动降级到 fallback source / Auto-downgrade to fallback source
```
---
- ## Cookie 配置 / Cookie Configuration
+ ## 数据库使用 | Database Usage
+ ### 初始化数据库 | Initialize Database
+
+ ```bash
+ python3 scripts/init_db.py
+ ```
+
+ ### 采集并保存 | Collect and Save
+
+ ```bash
+ # 采集50条热榜并保存到数据库 / Collect 50 hot items and save to database
+ python3 scripts/save_to_db.py 50
+
+ # 显示结果 / Display results:
+ # ✅ 完成! / Complete!
+ # 发现 / Found: 50 条
+ # 新增 / New: 50 条
+ # 更新 / Updated: 0 条
+ ```
+
+ ### 查询数据 | Query Data
+
+ ```bash
+ # 查看今天的热榜 / View today's hot list
+ python3 scripts/query.py today
+
+ # 查看指定日期 / View specific date
+ python3 scripts/query.py date 2026-03-15
+
+ # 查看最近7天统计 / View last 7 days stats
+ python3 scripts/query.py stats 7
+
+ # 查看抓取日志 / View fetch logs
+ python3 scripts/query.py logs
+ ```
+
+ ### 数据库结构 | Database Schema
+
+ ```sql
+ -- 文章表 / Articles table
+ CREATE TABLE articles (
+ id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, -- 文章ID (URL的SHA256) / Article ID (URL SHA256)
+ platform TEXT DEFAULT 'zhihu', -- 平台标识 / Platform identifier
+ article_type TEXT DEFAULT 'hot', -- 类型: hot/search / Type: hot/search
+ rank INTEGER, -- 排名 / Ranking
+ title TEXT NOT NULL, -- 标题 / Title
+ url TEXT NOT NULL, -- 链接 / Link
+ heat INTEGER, -- 热度值 / Heat value
+ author TEXT, -- 作者 / Author
+ summary TEXT, -- 摘要 / Summary
+ published_at INTEGER, -- 发布时间 / Published time
+ fetched_at INTEGER, -- 抓取时间 / Fetched time
+ fetch_date TEXT, -- 抓取日期 (YYYY-MM-DD) / Fetch date
+ raw_data TEXT, -- 原始JSON / Raw JSON
+ UNIQUE(url, fetch_date) -- 同一天同一URL只存一次 / Unique per URL per day
+ );
+
+ -- 抓取日志表 / Fetch logs table
+ CREATE TABLE fetch_logs (...);
+ ```
+
+ ---
+
+ ## Cookie 配置 | Cookie Configuration
+
编辑 `config/fallback-sources.json` / Edit `config/fallback-sources.json`：
```json
{
"cookie": {
"zhihu_session": "你的_session值 / your_session_value",
"z_c0": "你的_z_c0值 / your_z_c0_value",
"_xsrf": "你的_xsrf值 / your_xsrf_value",
"_zap": "...",
"d_c0": "..."
}
}
```
**获取 Cookie 方法 / How to get cookies：**
1. 浏览器打开 https://www.zhihu.com 并登录 / Open browser and login
2. 按 F12 打开开发者工具 → Application/Storage → Cookies / Press F12 → Application/Storage → Cookies
3. 复制对应字段的值 / Copy the corresponding field values
---
- ## 使用示例 / Usage Examples
+ ## 使用示例 | Usage Examples
```bash
# 获取30条热榜 / Get 30 hot items
node snippets/fetch-hot.js 30
# 保存到文件 / Save to file
node snippets/fetch-hot.js 50 ./zhihu-hot.json
# 自定义频率限制（5秒/次）/ Custom rate limit (5 seconds per request)
RATE_LIMIT=5000 node snippets/fetch-hot.js
```
---
- ## 在报告中使用 / Use in Reports
+ ## 在报告中使用 | Use in Reports
```javascript
const { fetchWithFallback } = require('./snippets/fetch-hot.js');
const data = await fetchWithFallback({
limit: 30,
rateLimitMs: 2000
});
// 自动选择最佳认证方式 / Auto-select best auth method
console.log('认证方式 / Auth method:', data.meta.auth_method);
// browser_profile | file_cookie | fallback_source
report.zhihu = data.data;
```
---
- ## 文件结构 / File Structure
+ ## 文件结构 | File Structure
```
zhihu-fetcher/
├── SKILL.md # 本文档 / This document
├── config/
│ └── fallback-sources.json # 配置：cookie + 备用源 / Config: cookie + fallback
+ ├── data/
+ │ ├── zhihu.db # SQLite数据库 (自动创建) / SQLite DB (auto-created)
+ │ └── index.html # HTML可视化报告 (自动生成) / HTML report (auto-generated)
+ ├── scripts/
+ │ ├── init_db.py # 数据库初始化 / DB initialization
+ │ ├── db.py # 数据库操作模块 / DB operations module
+ │ ├── save_to_db.py # 采集并保存到数据库 / Collection & save
+ │ ├── query.py # 数据查询工具 / Data query tool
+ │ └── generate_html.py # HTML可视化报告生成 / HTML report generation
└── snippets/
├── hot.js # 浏览器提取代码 / Browser extraction
├── search.js # 搜索提取代码 / Search extraction
├── rate-limiter.js # 频率限制器 / Rate limiter
├── cookie-manager.js # Cookie 管理 / Cookie manager
├── fallback.js # 备用源获取 / Fallback source
├── fetch-hot.js # 完整热榜获取（三级认证）/ Full hot list (3-level auth)
└── test-simple.js # 测试脚本 / Test script
```
---
- ## 数据输出 / Data Output
+ ## 数据输出 | Data Output
```json
{
"meta": {
"source": "zhihu",
"fetch_time": "2026-03-15T08:30:00.000Z",
"mode": "hot",
"auth_method": "file_cookie",
"rate_limited": true,
"count": 30
},
"data": [
{
"rank": 1,
"title": "...",
"heat": 4030000,
"url": "..."
}
]
}
```
---
- ## 扩展备用源 / Extend Fallback Sources
+ ## 生成HTML可视化报告 | Generate HTML Visualization Report
+ ```bash
+ # 生成可视化HTML报告 / Generate visual HTML report
+ python3 scripts/generate_html.py
+
+ # 打开查看 / Open to view
+ open data/index.html
+ ```
+
+ **HTML报告功能 / HTML Report Features：**
+ - 📅 **日期筛选 / Date Filter** - 选择具体日期或日期范围 | Select specific date or range
+ - 🔍 **关键词搜索 / Keyword Search** - 实时搜索标题 | Real-time title search
+ - 🔥 **热度筛选 / Heat Filter** - 按最小热度值筛选 | Filter by minimum heat value
+ - 🏆 **排名标识 / Ranking Display** - Top 3 特殊颜色标识 | Top 3 special color marking
+ - 📊 **数据统计 / Data Stats** - 实时显示筛选结果数量 | Real-time filtered results count
+
+ ---
+
+ ## 直接查询数据库 | Direct Database Query
+
+ ```bash
+ # 进入数据库 / Enter database
+ sqlite3 data/zhihu.db
+
+ # 查看今天的数据 / View today's data
+ SELECT rank, title, heat FROM articles
+ WHERE fetch_date = date('now')
+ ORDER BY rank LIMIT 10;
+
+ # 查看最近7天每天采集多少条 / View daily count for last 7 days
+ SELECT fetch_date, COUNT(*) FROM articles
+ WHERE fetch_date >= date('now', '-7 days')
+ GROUP BY fetch_date ORDER BY fetch_date DESC;
+
+ # 查看抓取日志 / View fetch logs
+ SELECT * FROM fetch_logs ORDER BY started_at DESC LIMIT 5;
+ ```
+
+ ---
+
+ ## 扩展备用源 | Extend Fallback Sources
+
编辑 `config/fallback-sources.json` / Edit `config/fallback-sources.json`：
```json
{
"fallbacks": [
{
"name": "zhihu-hot-hub",
"url": "...",
"type": "markdown",
"priority": 1
},
{
"name": "another-api",
"url": "https://api.example.com/zhihu-hot.json",
"type": "json",
"priority": 2
}
]
}
```
---
- ## 认证优先级配置 / Auth Priority Configuration
+ ## 认证优先级配置 | Auth Priority Configuration
如需调整认证顺序，编辑配置 / To adjust auth priority, edit config：
```json
{
"auth": {
"priority": [
"file_cookie", // 优先使用固化 cookie / Prefer file cookie
"browser_profile", // 其次使用 browser / Then browser
"fallback_source" // 最后使用备用源 / Finally fallback
]
}
}
```
---
- ## 测试状态 / Test Status
+ ## 测试状态 | Test Status
✅ **已通过测试 / Tested**
- Browser Profile: 需要手动登录 / Requires manual login
- File Cookie: 需配置后测试 / Requires configuration
- Fallback Source: ✅ 成功获取 26 条数据 / Successfully fetched 26 items
```bash
# 测试备用源 / Test fallback
node snippets/test-simple.js
```
---
- ## 注意事项 / Notes
+ ## 注意事项 | Notes
1. **Cookie 有效期 / Cookie Expiration** - 固化 cookie 可能过期，需定期更新 / File cookies may expire, update regularly
- 2. **频率限制 / Rate Limit** - 默认 2 秒/次，避免触发反爬 / Default 2 sec/request, avoid anti-crawl
+ 2. **频率限制 / Rate Limiting** - 默认 2 秒/次，避免触发反爬 / Default 2 sec/request, avoid anti-crawl
3. **备用源延迟 / Fallback Delay** - GitHub 源可能有 1 小时延迟 / GitHub source may have 1-hour delay
4. **安全性 / Security** - cookie 配置文件中不要提交到 Git / Don't commit cookie config to Git
---
- ## 适用场景 / Use Cases
+ ## 适用场景 | Use Cases
| 场景 / Scenario | 推荐方式 / Recommended | 原因 / Reason |
|----------------|---------------------|--------------|
| 日常开发 / Daily dev | Browser Profile | 最稳定、数据最全 / Most stable, complete data |
| CI/CD 自动化 / Automation | File Cookie | 无需交互、可固化 / No interaction, reproducible |
| 应急备用 / Emergency | Fallback Source | 无需任何认证 / No auth required |
+
+ ---
+
+ ## 设计对比 | Design Comparison
+
+ | 方案 / Solution | 复杂度 / Complexity | 可靠性 / Reliability | 适用场景 / Use Case |
+ |----------------|---------------------|---------------------|---------------------|
+ | **本方案 / This solution** | 低 / Low | 高（三级降级）/ High (3-level) | 调研数据获取 / Research data |
+ | 小红书式 / XHS-style | 高 / High | 高 / High | 运营自动化 / Ops automation |
+ | 纯 API / Pure API | 中 / Medium | 中 / Medium | 生产环境 / Production |